Similarities Of Plato And Aristotle - 1617 Words

Plato and Aristotle made and still have make a huge impact upon mankind, which makes people question their original values.Although Aristotle and Plato had many distinctions both of them impact many different arguments referring to the important components of life.. The two philosophers were crucial to the development of rethoric and made a big impact on society.. Although most of the attitudes towards them where indisputable, many citizens did not agree with them changing people’s perceptions, fearing that they wouldn’t have the ignorance they did before and would strive more for their rights. Plato and Aristotles both talk about how Truth and truth differ and how they denote what is the real meaning of each one of the truth’s and how†¦show more content†¦Plato explains in his writing ,†The Republic† that people live all their life’s inside a cave and there comes a point when someone is able to come out of the cave and begin explorin g everything. Patlo also adds that the person that gets out of the cave is now able to observe everything, the audience infers this when reading,†He will be able to see the sun, and not mere reflections of him in the water.† (198 plato) When analyzing what Plato is saying the audience also understands that the sun means the knowledge that the people start to gaining once they’re out of that cave, that knowledge is better known as education.Plato also states that there are some people that are enlightened and they don’t care anymore about anyone else that is still inside of the cave, when he said that he is inferring that once someone starts gaining education or seeing the light they become very envious and don’t care at all of giving that enlightenment to all the other people that still leave between all the shadows.The real question that the audience might ask themselves when reading â€Å"The republic† and also the allegory of the cave is, when does someone know they’re out of the cave? Or are they really out? When reading the writings the lector can notice that both of the philosophers are tormented due to observing all the blindness on the society. According to Plato knowledgeShow MoreRelatedPlato and Aristotle Similarities and Differences1031 Words   |  5 PagesWhat factors, for Plato and Aristotle, were critical in the construction of a state? Before one examines the construction of the State in the eyes of two famous classical thinkers, one must first understand what a State is. A State can be defined as a group of people settled in a specific geographical location where, through interdependency and order, a livelihood can be achieved. Plato and Aristotle, both great philosophers, contributed to the world of politics today, their views and ideas on whatRead MoreBoth Plato and Aristotle are among the most influential philosophers in the history. Socrates was900 Words   |  4 PagesBoth Plato and Aristotle are among the most influential philosophers in the history. Socrates was another famous philosopher who greatly influenced Plato. Plato was the pupil of Socrates and later Plato became the teacher of Aristotle. Although Aristotle followed his teachings for a long time, he found many questionable facts in his teachings and later on became a great critic of Plato’s teachings. Since Aristotle found faults in Plato, hence their work is easily comparable as it is based on theRead MoreThe Utopian Views Of Plato And Platos Political State741 Words   |  3 PagesPhilosophers are all known for questioning and exploring Ideals; taking a look at all options and what is most important. While Aristotle and Plato both take a plunge into the unknowns of a political state, Aristotle demonstrates a state for individuals, to rule as equals, contrary to Plato’s strict utopian structure and group over individual hierarchy view of the ideal state. Plato’s ideal state is strictly structured through a utopian ideal. Everything within Plato’s ideal state has a place andRead MoreDistinctions and Comparisons between Aristotle and Plato Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pagesideas introduced by Plato on the theory of forms, where deducted and critiqued by Aristotle. Both philosophers can be viewed as having opposing ideologies. Nonetheless, Plato and Aristotle are in agreement on certain factors of their philosophy. Many have scrutinized and compared the dissimilarities and similarities of Aristotles doctrine of categories and Platos theory of forms. The observations found are of an interesting nature. The beauty behind the writings of Plato is to not accept whatRead More Foundations of Political Thought Essays1664 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle and Socrates and Plato’s beliefs have similarities mainly evident in their denouncement of democracy for the state. The views of Socrates expressed and written by his pupil Plato are vastly philosophical in nature and he promotes the idea of questioning life to achieve insight. The philosophers who possess the absolute truth are the best equipped to rule society according to Plato and his Allegory of the Cave. Conversely, Aristotle takes a more political science approach of discussingRead MoreThe Tripartite of the Soul that Socrates Discussed in Platos Republic1429 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I will be discussing the tripartite (three parts) of the soul that Socrates discussed in chapter 6 of Plato’s Republic, and I will compare and contrast them to that of Aristotle and Anthony Kenny. In Plato’s Republic the three parts of the soul consist of the rational, spirited and, desire. In this dialogue the three parts of the soul go hand and hand with three parts of a just society. The desire or appetite of the soul is what controls our want for the pleasures of life. An exampleRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Philosophy1088 Words   |  5 Pagesperson represented by the statue, the story of history begins to unfold. Two of the most important thinkers in world history were Plato and Aristotle. Aristotle studied under Plato and learned many lessons from his teacher. An area one can easily see the similarity between Plato and Aristotle is their beliefs on responsibility. Plato lays the groundwork for Aristotle to develop his own theory. The two are not identical, however, Plato’s work made a lasting impression on Aristotle’s work regardingRead MoreAristotle: The Pursuit of Happiness1358 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle and Plato both are both well known for their focus on defining the purpose of being human. To them, humans have a particular characteristic that no other living thing possesses. That characteristic is that humans strive to achieve a le vel of goodness. Although they agree with each other that there is a highest good one must achieve in order to live a fulfilling life, they have different ideas on what that good is. On Aristotle’s search to find the highest good of a human being, he firstRead MoreThe Greek Philosophers And The Philosophers1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe Greek philosophers did not explain the world using Gods. Instead, they preferred to explain the world using principles. These principles were fundamental in how the philosophers taught their students. Three philosophers, Plato, Epicures, and Aristotle, used different principles to help them explain the world and the universe around them. In this essay, the principles of these three philosophers will be explained and then compared with each other. When the philosophers spoke of principles, theyRead MoreAbsolute Realism Vs. Hylemorphism1309 Words   |  6 Pagesvs. Hylemorphism Even though both Plato and his student Aristotle’s works are considered theoretically less valuable in modern times, as two of the most eminent ancient thinkers in the history of philosophy, their works continue to have great historical value. In the realm of metaphysics, Plato and Aristotle are both regarded as realists, and their philosophical ideas hold some similarities, but Aristotle is more considered as â€Å"moderate realist,† compared to Plato as an â€Å"absolute realist.† Generally

Ratio Analysis Evaluating Past Performances and...

â€Å"In spite of its limitations ratio analysis is widely used as a means of evaluating the past performance and predicting the future successes or failures of business organisations.† Ratio analysis isn t just picking different numbers from the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement and comparing them. Ratios compare facts against previous years, the industry, other companies, or even the economy in general. Ratios look at the relationships between values and relate them to find out how a company has performed in the times of yore and might perform in the future. The echelon and chronological trends of these ratios can be used to make inferences about a company s financial condition, its operations as well as the†¦show more content†¦The non bank ratio is used by a firm where the firm cannot afford to get more credit from banks. This ratio is assumed to be of greater risk as if the firm cannot pay back the loan to the bank, it will probably charge a higher interest. Interest payments are subject to the primary earnings of a firm (as regarded by some financial analysts), so the interest must be calculated as the percentage of sales of tha t firm or alternatively the total costs as the percentage of the previous year’s earnings. The analysis that an investor gets from these ratios affect the decision making of their investment into any firm associated. Now let us talk about the hierarchical usage of ratios in the firms. The production manager in a firm is not required to have full information about the firm rather he is more concerned with the liquidity ratios such as repayment of debts, cost of raising long term debts or an alternative to equity. His main focus is to maximize the efficiency of the production of the firm in order to maintain profitability. If today for example: the management decides to sell 75% capacity of the production well he (Production Manager) would simply adjust the production accordingly. The comptroller management is responsible to gather the reports of the current payments that the firm has made and the current income that the firm has received. It is different from overall management which is required to supervise the short term and the long term trends of the firm.Show MoreRelatedFinancial Analysis : The General Electric Company1696 Words   |  7 PagesFinancial analysis gives the clear outlook of the performance parameters of an organization. It helps in evaluating and comparing the present as well past performance. This analysis is an important tool for the management, investors as well as the outsiders who deal with organization. This analysis presents the way of functioning and the direction in which an organization is moving. The analysis is done with the help of common size analysis, comparative analysis and Ratio Analysis. The analysis is doneRead MoreAccounting Of Financial Records Of An Entity Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesthat comprises of a balance sheet, cash flow statement, PL, and an income statement. There are many accounts that are present on a financial statement such as cash, liabilities (money owed), investments (passive income), expenses (past, present, and accounting for the future), etc. Each account has the potential to effect another as the individual’s financial statement is dependent on the impact of each account. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was created for the purpose of standardizingRead MoreTo What Extent Might the Cash Flow Statement Help to Overcome the Traditional Limitations of Financial Statement Analysis in Evaluating the Past Performance and Predicting the Future Successes or Failures of Business Organisations?1611 Words   |  7 Pagescash fl ow statement help to overcome the traditional limitations of financial statement analysis in evaluating the past performance and predicting the future successes or failures of business organisations? Accounting is the major means of organizing and summarizing information about economic activities. The information which is provided by the accounting practices through financial statement analysis, provides help to decision makers to take decision. There are various forms of AccountingRead MoreCorrelation Between Past Futures And Trading Positions Of Speculators1714 Words   |  7 Pagesmost direct tests of the random walk hypothesis. During the analysis of time series predictability, deviations from random walk hypothesis are found in return autocorrelation and variance ratios. Auto-covariance exists between time series momentum and cross-sectional momentum and they are related. Over 25 years, time series momentum is consistent across futures contracts and some asset classes, such as bond futures and commodity futures. Time series momentum performs better in extreme events andRead MoreEssay on Budget Management Analysis1324 Words   |  6 PagesBudget management analysis is commonly used by mangers as a tool helping to make sure that all resources in existence get put to use correctly. The budgets are determined annually because they are determined by the preceding year’s budget and differences. Budgets can be controlled by specific techniques to control budgets within prediction, consider five to seven expense results with budget anticipations, explain possible factors that cause fluctuations, present ways to keep results associated withRead MoreFinancial Statements And Financial Statement Analysis Essay3026 Words   |  13 Pagesstatements are usually means of communicating information on a company’s operations. They contain information on the revenues, expenses, assets, liabilities and retained earnings of the business. 2.2 FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS According to Drake (2010), financial statement analysis is the selection, evaluation, and interpretation of financial data, along with other pertinent information, to assist in investment and financial decision-making. Moreover, it is also the process of identifying financialRead MoreBusiness Strategy2021 Words   |  9 Pagesof a strategic plan? a. The management was 100% above board. b. The plan looked at past successes and failures while planning for the future. c. The mission statement was only two sentences long. d. It was not communicated to everyone who needed to know. Question: 06 What is a SWOT Analysis? a. An analysis of the company s financial performance over the last year b. A list of standard operating procedures c. Listing of managerialRead MoreThe Efficient Market Hypothesis (Emh) Has Been Subject1863 Words   |  8 PagesThe efficient market hypothesis (EMH) has been subject to professional and academic debate and analysis for many years, and refers to the theory proposing that stock prices show all information regarding a firm’s value. An efficient market is a market in which investors with the same information and similar investment goals compete actively (Sewell, 2012). Many private investors and investors aiming to make profits are involved with the stock market and often make low risk investments while aimingRead MoreCamel Rating in Banking12128 Words   |  49 Pagesexplored by quantitatively analyzing a bank’s overall performance. The paper firstly starts to collect theory relevant to the empirical research, and then draws conclusions from the findings by relating them back to the literature stated in the early stage. Although this study is based on collected data and numerical figures, it is a qualitative study. The findings revealed that CAMEL rating system is a useful supervisory tool in the U.S. CAMEL analysis approach is beneficial as it is an internationallyRead MoreFinancial Analysis of Primark2857 Words   |  12 PagesContents Background 3 Introduction 3 Financial result 4 Percentage changes and Index number 5 Industry sectors and competitors analysis 6 Financial strengths and weaknesses of Primark 8 Where Primark would be ranked financial within its sector on the LSE 9 Forecast Primark’s 2011 post tax profits 10 Techniques (ratio analysis) evaluation 12 Corporate governance recommendations 13 Conclusion 16 Appendix 17 References 31 Background At present, the Primark Ltd has 162 stores

New World of Business Free Essays

The article â€Å"Knowledge Management for the New World of Business† by Yogesh Malhotra discusses the importance of changes, information technologies and innovations as the main drives of business success. The author shows that attitudes towards knowledge management have been changed and nowadays knowledge management offers new ideas and concepts how to make business successful, innovative and, what is more important, socially responsible. The paper is retrieved from online database through search engines. We will write a custom essay sample on New World of Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite the paper is online source, the author offers well-supported, well-structured and well-organized study of world business in terms of knowledge management. Further, the paper is directly related with knowledge management filed as the author discusses the importance of knowledge, innovations, information technologies and changes which are known to be key components of knowledge management field. (Malhotra 1998) Malhotra says that today is the era of information technologies being associated with knowledge. The author argues that knowledge is critical source in business activity as it drives company either to success or complete failure.   New technologies as, for example, intranets, data-mining, web-casting and video-conferencing, offer new ways of meeting business challenges in knowledge era. Moreover, information technologies are encouraged by press trade. As a result, information technologies positively contribute business performance. For example, intranets and networks are effective in increasing inherent capabilities to facilitate knowledge management. (Malhotra 1998) Business is experiencing transition from the era of competitive advantage to the era of knowledge creation. Earlier business was characterized by low levels of changes and innovations. However, â€Å"the new world of knowledge-based industries is distinguished by its emphasis on precognition and adaptation in contrast to the traditional emphasis on optimization based on prediction†. (Malhotra 1998) The author argues that knowledge-based business world is characterized by re-definition and re-evaluation of organizational objectives, goals, and missions. Simply saying, the business re-shapes the way of arranging things. Business environment is motivated by radical changes and innovations which â€Å"overwhelm the traditional organizational response of predicting and reacting based on pre-programmed heuristics†. (Malhotra 1998) Modern business world requires anticipatory response, and demands flexibility and resurfacing of old assumptions. Modern world tends not play following predictable rules – instead, it tends to change these rules and to keep changing. As result, new types of organizations have emerged: business ecosystems and virtual corporations. (Malhotra 1998) The author offers his own definition of knowledge management for a new business world and stresses that new definition should go beyond quick and predictable views of many others. Instead, definition should move executives, managers and common employees to think strategically and critically about the purpose of knowledge management. Malhotra says that knowledge managements is critical to organizational adaptation and survival as it drives and monitors environmental changes. Knowledge management â€Å"embodies organizational processes that seek synergistic combination of data and information processing capacity of information technologies, and the creative and innovative capacity of human beings†. (Malhotra 1998) Nevertheless, one problem exists as there is confusion between the terms ‘knowledge’ and ‘information’. The author claims that these notions are distinct entities as information is generated by computer systems and human interpretation of actions, whereas knowledge is of subjective nature. Malhotra recommends business managers to realize that knowledge is imbedded in them and the process of knowledge acquiring is social interactions. It is emphasized that knowledge creation depends solely on human beings as computers are only tools with information-gathering capabilities. New world of business is defined as wicked environment which requires interpretations of information and knowledge. (Malhotra 1998) One more positive moment in the article is that the author offers recommendations how to incorporate knowledge management in business activities. Firstly, it is necessary to refuse to control employees and their behaviors through setting predictable and pre-defined objectives and procedures. Instead, it would be better to create organization being capable of constructing diverse meanings. Secondly, the author recommends re-evaluating companies ideas how to arrange things and practices. Executive managers should consider dynamically changing business environment, as well as external and internal threats.   Thirdly, it is effective to invest in â€Å"multiple and diverse interpretations to enable constructive conflict mode of inquiry and, thus, lessen oversimplification of issues or premature decision closure†. (Malhotra 1998) Summing up, new business world offers new opportunities of success and knowledge plays crucial role in this process. New strategies are to encourage human imagination and creativity to promote internal diversity and to meet the needs and demands of the wicked environment.   Knowledge management makes companies and organizations re-think and re-evaluate their goals and practices, as well as use the power of knowledge in finding new ways of improving business performance. (Malhotra 1998) Works Cited Malhotra, Yogesh. 1998. Knowledge Management for the New World of Business. Available at http://www.brint.com/km/whatis.htm.   Accessed March 15, 2008. How to cite New World of Business, Essay examples New World of Business Free Essays The article â€Å"Knowledge Management for the New World of Business† by Yogesh Malhotra discusses the importance of changes, information technologies and innovations as the main drives of business success. The author shows that attitudes towards knowledge management have been changed and nowadays knowledge management offers new ideas and concepts how to make business successful, innovative and, what is more important, socially responsible. The paper is retrieved from online database through search engines. We will write a custom essay sample on New World of Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite the paper is online source, the author offers well-supported, well-structured and well-organized study of world business in terms of knowledge management. Further, the paper is directly related with knowledge management filed as the author discusses the importance of knowledge, innovations, information technologies and changes which are known to be key components of knowledge management field. (Malhotra 1998) Malhotra says that today is the era of information technologies being associated with knowledge. The author argues that knowledge is critical source in business activity as it drives company either to success or complete failure.   New technologies as, for example, intranets, data-mining, web-casting and video-conferencing, offer new ways of meeting business challenges in knowledge era. Moreover, information technologies are encouraged by press trade. As a result, information technologies positively contribute business performance. For example, intranets and networks are effective in increasing inherent capabilities to facilitate knowledge management. (Malhotra 1998) Business is experiencing transition from the era of competitive advantage to the era of knowledge creation. Earlier business was characterized by low levels of changes and innovations. However, â€Å"the new world of knowledge-based industries is distinguished by its emphasis on precognition and adaptation in contrast to the traditional emphasis on optimization based on prediction†. (Malhotra 1998) The author argues that knowledge-based business world is characterized by re-definition and re-evaluation of organizational objectives, goals, and missions. Simply saying, the business re-shapes the way of arranging things. Business environment is motivated by radical changes and innovations which â€Å"overwhelm the traditional organizational response of predicting and reacting based on pre-programmed heuristics†. (Malhotra 1998) Modern business world requires anticipatory response, and demands flexibility and resurfacing of old assumptions. Modern world tends not play following predictable rules – instead, it tends to change these rules and to keep changing. As result, new types of organizations have emerged: business ecosystems and virtual corporations. (Malhotra 1998) The author offers his own definition of knowledge management for a new business world and stresses that new definition should go beyond quick and predictable views of many others. Instead, definition should move executives, managers and common employees to think strategically and critically about the purpose of knowledge management. Malhotra says that knowledge managements is critical to organizational adaptation and survival as it drives and monitors environmental changes. Knowledge management â€Å"embodies organizational processes that seek synergistic combination of data and information processing capacity of information technologies, and the creative and innovative capacity of human beings†. (Malhotra 1998) Nevertheless, one problem exists as there is confusion between the terms ‘knowledge’ and ‘information’. The author claims that these notions are distinct entities as information is generated by computer systems and human interpretation of actions, whereas knowledge is of subjective nature. Malhotra recommends business managers to realize that knowledge is imbedded in them and the process of knowledge acquiring is social interactions. It is emphasized that knowledge creation depends solely on human beings as computers are only tools with information-gathering capabilities. New world of business is defined as wicked environment which requires interpretations of information and knowledge. (Malhotra 1998) One more positive moment in the article is that the author offers recommendations how to incorporate knowledge management in business activities. Firstly, it is necessary to refuse to control employees and their behaviors through setting predictable and pre-defined objectives and procedures. Instead, it would be better to create organization being capable of constructing diverse meanings. Secondly, the author recommends re-evaluating companies ideas how to arrange things and practices. Executive managers should consider dynamically changing business environment, as well as external and internal threats.   Thirdly, it is effective to invest in â€Å"multiple and diverse interpretations to enable constructive conflict mode of inquiry and, thus, lessen oversimplification of issues or premature decision closure†. (Malhotra 1998) Summing up, new business world offers new opportunities of success and knowledge plays crucial role in this process. New strategies are to encourage human imagination and creativity to promote internal diversity and to meet the needs and demands of the wicked environment.   Knowledge management makes companies and organizations re-think and re-evaluate their goals and practices, as well as use the power of knowledge in finding new ways of improving business performance. (Malhotra 1998) Works Cited Malhotra, Yogesh. 1998. Knowledge Management for the New World of Business. Available at http://www.brint.com/km/whatis.htm.   Accessed March 15, 2008. How to cite New World of Business, Essay examples

I Am Still Standing free essay sample

The boom of the initial explosion; the crash of collapsing concrete; the screaming cries of witnesses and victims. Everything is reduced to rubble; this once great center has become a sea of trash and ruins. Nothing is left of Time’s Square but pieces of the once vast and brilliant billboards and video screens. All that remains of a once great empire has been destroyed by a madman in a single moment. That moment never occurred there was no destruction, no ruins, no loss of life. The metropolis of New York City is still standing; I am still standing. But this may not have been the case on that day in May of 2009. New York City was buzzing with excitement that spring Saturday afternoon. Members of my theatre program and I were visiting the Big Apple from our small town of Hull, MA, south of Boston. As we finished our dinner and made our way through the bustling streets of Times’ Square we knew something was wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on I Am Still Standing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Traffic stopped, barriers were placed along the streets and police officers were bellowing out â€Å"MOVE ALONG!† It was not until that night, as I watched the news, that I realized our lives had been threatened. A man visiting this Capital of the World had intended to turn his car into an IED (improvised explosive device); set to explode at the height of rush hour traffic; the same time we were eating dinner, just one block away. The news report showed the trajectory of the explosion if everything had gone according to his plan, we would have been killed instantly. Instantly murdered. Instantly dead. Instantly part of another senseless casualty count the kind of count that has become all too familiar to anyone growing up in a post 9/11 world. Instantly my life could have ended at fourteen. I broke down in my hotel room. The thoughts racing through my mind would not quit: â€Å"What if I died?† â€Å"What would I have done with my life?† â€Å"What had I don e with my life?† Thankfully, reason and logic prevailed and the type of senseless fear that everyone experiences at one point or another did not linger with me long. When I stopped crying and realized the lunacy of obsessing over a tragedy that had not even occurred, I assessed my life and I realized I had done some pretty amazing things. As a freshman in high school, I went to Washington D.C. There I had the opportunity to lobby before members of Congress on Capitol Hill on the â€Å"Dream Act†- about childhood immigration rights a topic that most â€Å"children† know nothing about, let alone feel passionately about. I had been an assistant teacher for four years by then, and had touched the lives of over one hundred students, working with them to learn Jewish values and start their own road to a successful life grounded in the millenniums’ old traditions. Today, I continue to help pass along these strong values to students every week, and I love connec ting with them and being a role model for them. I experienced the bright lights of Broadway and fell in love with theatre. I performed on stage in front of thousands of people over the years, and hopefully inspired some young people to be their most authentic self on stage and off. I realized in that moment that while I had already done some pretty fantastic things in my life, I also had more to accomplish – college, traveling, performing, teaching, healing, living – I had so much more to do in this life! I was not finished and I will not be finished until I have attained the goals and high expectations I have set for myself. Almost three years later, I look at the world in a new light. I think back to this day frequently and I am thankful that I experienced this irrational fear and that reason prevailed. To be sure, this event forced me to take stock of my life and codify my dreams. I relive, not the fear for what could have been, but, the joy and relief for what w as not all with the realization that my life has been and must be so much more. My strong sense of motivation has helped me change for the better and I hope it will also guide me to change other people’s lives for the good.

Soccer and Camp Nou Essay Example

Soccer and Camp Nou Essay Soccer is globally the most popular sport in the world, so many footballers step into the pitch to create moments that will go down forever in history. Camp Nou is home to my favorite soccer team which is FC Barcelona and it is a place where I have witnessed many unforgettable moments. The Camp Nou is special to me because I witnessed one of the greatest moments in the sport at that location, which I will never forget. Even though I have never personally stepped on the Camp Nou, it is one of the most beautiful and inspiring scenes one could ever witness. Once you set your eyes on it you will become mesmerized and nothing can distract you from the game that is being played. The Camp Nou has so many details that one person cannot highlight all of them by themselves. To me, a soccer pitch is a place where I set my eyes on and it and every worry or stress that I had before is gone. School, friends, and stress all disappear from my mind after the game starts and all I can focus on are the 22 footballers giving everything for their club. The amount of people you see in the stands is breathtaking as they all come together to cheer or boo for their team. Spectating a game of soccer you just see fans surrounding the whole stadium and how each club has a song that the fans sing in the beginning and end of a game. It really is remarkable to see the players walk through the tunnel with each of them having a mascot, and seeing how these little kids look up to these players. A soccer stadium is more than a place where a sport is played but it is more so an environment where fans celebrate the greatness of a team or to watch miserably their team lose. In soccer, critics see how many goals you have scored at your club and rank you based off that, but in soccer there are so many elements that a player can contribute to his team. In order to score you have to kick the ball through the goal and honestly it is the first thing that catches my eye when Im We will write a custom essay sample on Soccer and Camp Nou specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Soccer and Camp Nou specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Soccer and Camp Nou specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Animal Rehab Essays

Animal Rehab Essays Animal Rehab Essay Animal Rehab Essay Rehabilitating Animals What exactly is animal rehabilitation? The meaning of rehabilitation is to help restore something/someone so that it/they can hopefully readapt to life. Rehabilitating animals usually occurs through veterinarian care, building trust, creating companionship, and even recreating their habitat in the case of wildlife. There are different reasons for rehabilitating animals. The main reasons are injury, sickness, abandonment, or abuse. When it comes to wildlife, environmental dangers such as destruction of their habitat, getting hit by vehicles, orphaned or abandoned babies, and birds that have fallen from their nest, are more likely to be the cause. (Rehabilitating Animals) Requirements for obtaining jobs that work with animals are somewhat extensive yet, in some ways, simple. Some knowledge in biology and animal anatomy is needed to make sure to have a good understanding of the animal’s body and environment. Animal rehabilitators need to have extensive knowledge of the different species they will be working with. They also need to know a decent amount about their habitats and what they need in order to survive on their own in the wild. There are many jobs associated with caring for animals. Some of these are wildlife rehabilitators, veterinarians, animal rehabilitators for pets and farm animals, and wildlife managers. Many wildlife rehabilitators are members of the National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association and/or the International Wildlife Rehabilitation Council. Being a member of one or both of these helps rehabilitators to do more for the wildlife than what they do as part of their careers. Wildlife Rehabilitation as a Career) Jobs like the ones mentioned above require a variety of different educational levels. Veterinarians have to go to college for four regular undergraduate years. During these first four years they take pre-vet courses along with the regular required classes for a bachelor’s degree. After they have completed these first four years, they must complete four more years of actual veterinarian training. Once all eight years of college are completed they are certified as a Doctor of Veterinarian Medicine. Veterinary Education Requirements by Profession Level) If planning to be a wildlife rehabilitator someone can take a six month online course to become certified. If they want to further their education they can always take additional classes like this and even train somewhere local. In order to become a wildlife manager a person must have a four year degree within discipline. When it comes to rehabilitating pets and farm animals a person can either get certified as a wildlife rehabilitator or a person can always train under someone that already does this type of work. So, even though all these careers have to do with animals, they all require different educational levels. (Career Details- Wildlife Manager ; Wildlife Rehabilitation as a Career) Most people that go into the field of rehabilitation for animals do it purely for making a difference in the animals’ lives. If the person truly cares about the outcome of the animal, then money should not be a factor in helping animals in need. This is a major aspect of animal rehabilitation because rehabilitator’s income, if any is received at all, is low to moderate. Most of the time this work is done voluntarily or as an extra on-the-side job. More than likely, the people that is working with the animals to rehabilitate them do it from the heart not for money. Whether it be lending a helping hand at a shelter or running a rescue center out of someone’s own pocket, there are several ways to help out. Since having the expenses is such an important part of running a shelter, it is more common for someone to lend a hand instead of actually running the shelter themselves. Any person can help out just by looking around their neighborhood, in the paper, on the internet, or other resources for places that care for animals and volunteer work is needed. Other ways to lend a hand are to donate food supplies, money, or even the equipment needed to perform certain procedures. A person could also help out by purchasing land and building supplies for the construction of new rehabilitation centers. Many people would be surprised at the number of rehabilitation, care, and support centers for animals located in their own communities, towns, and cities. There are several centers that are not well known but can be found if sought after. Usually these are the ones that need more support and helping hands to meet their needs. Wildlife Rehabilitation as a Career) When it comes to a main cause for the need of rehabilitation, I am going to bring up animal-rights. The very reasons that brought about the animal-rights movement are some of the same reasons that bring forward the need for rehabilitation. Animal-rights are against the abuse and misuse of animals and for the animals to have their own rights as humans do. Supporters of the animal-rights movement are worried about the use of animals in pleasure hunting, killing for only certain parts of the animal, medical, and cosmetics testing. Some of the people that feel so strongly about the bad treatment of animals have even turned to vegetarianism. (Animal-Rights; Animal-Rights Movement) Animal-rights campaigns have been in a large degree responsible for the tightening of the reins on the use of animals in research. Whether it is lab rats, monkeys, or other laboratory animals, it is unfair to them as living things to be treated like this. Using animals for such experiments can leave them with lifelong scars, both emotionally and physically, and can even end up killing them. The scared animals are then in need of rehabilitation, love, and new found trust for humans, which may not even be of any help. Whether it is medical or cosmetic, the use of animals for testing must come to an end. (Animal-Rights Movement) Many people believe that animals do not have any rights and are a form of property only to support humans and their needs. Others believe quite differently. They believe that they are for the use of people as said in the Bible, but that they also have their own sense of being and have feelings just like humans. Still, there are others that believe animals are not property and should not help man in any way whatsoever. The animal-rights movement has over one-hundred groups in the United States that are interested in the welfare of animals. There are still those that believe that this movement is backed by extremist that will ruin the economic, political, and religious institutions. The animal-rights movement is also in action in Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and even New Zealand. (Thorburn) Some people may think that physical therapy for animals is a bit farfetched. However, when a person thinks of the nature and the benefits behind therapy for pets, it turns out to be the best option. It can help reduce the need for medication, help heal small injuries before they get worse, and even help with chronic problems. Physical therapy can be performed in many different ways. The main one is taking the time to get an animal use to humans and to expect and return love instead of fear and anger, as well as gaining a trusting relationship. Massages are another type and can be given by the owner or care giver. They are mainly used to relax the muscles and help to comfort the pet. Also, hypnotherapy is conducted in a pool or tank full of water, and it helps the pet exercise without causing extra stress or pain on the muscles and joints. (Mazis) It has been said that there has recently been a large increase in the amount of people giving physical therapy to pets. With this increase of people, a person can also get an increase of places offering this service. The requirements for the people offering this rehab are still widely varied in the since of both education and training. It is best to get someone that is professionally trained in rehabilitation/physical therapy and veterinary technology with good experience working with a person’s kind of pet. (McMahon) Physical therapy is a good choice for older animals due to their aging bodies. If an aging animal undergoes physical therapy when it reaches a certain age then it will continue to build its strength instead of becoming lazy and weak. Physical therapy is also a better choice for those with chronic musculoskeletal problems, such as hip dysplasia or arthritis, than medicine or even surgery might be. Since these disorders are usually treated with surgery, therapy is often a requirement for recovering. Undergoing physical therapy can help a pet or wild animal adjust to living with its conditions more comfortably then if it were to go without it. As one can see, physical therapy can be safer and less expensive than many other methods of treatment. Then only difficulty with physical therapy is that if it is not performed properly, it can result in injury for both humans and animals. Even if people know how to properly give physical therapy, they need to be trained to handle specific species. As always a specialist in physical therapy should be consulted before performing it on any animals without training. This type of work is becoming larger in many pet services such as pet stores, check-ups at the vet, pet spas, and many others. With these growing pet services, pet therapy is becoming more available in different areas as the benefits are becoming better known. Still yet finding the right physical therapist for one’s pet can be difficult depending on their location and what type of pet they own. Mazis) To fully understand the way that rehabilitation works, one would have to get involved. It takes a lot of time, patience, a gentle touch, and a caring heart. A person must be fully devoted to the cause and not get easily discouraged. Just like humans, animals need the attention and the support to fully rehabilitate. There are many different methods to rehabilitating animals. All of them require time, trust, and companionship in different levels. Shockingly this is n eeded whether a person is working with wildlife or companion pets. More of the ompanionship is needed with the pets than with the wildlife so that the wild animals can be returned to the wild. If someone is working with a pet that has been mistreated, the best approach is to let the animal come to them. Let it know that this person can be trusted and that they will not mistreat the animal. A person has to show them that not all humans are cruel and harmful. This will take time but most cases result in new found trust. On the other hand, someone dealing with an abandoned or injured pet the healing process is quite different. If the pet has been injured it mainly needs veterinarian care and the time to heal. More than likely, even if it is left with a defect, it will spring right back to normal. Sure, it may never exactly be the same animal it once was, but its spirit is still the same. If the pet has been abandoned, then someone really has the easiest job on their hands. The likely cause behind this abandonment is the lack of time to care for the animal or maybe even the lack of care and love for the animal. Most companion pets need just that, companionship. All they want and need is the love and attention that they strive for in order to be the best animal that they can be. One can either find them a new home with loving caregivers or even keep them themselves. These animals are the ones that are attention deprived, therefore, all they need to rehabilitate is that attention and care they have missed out on. Give them that, and a little extra love, and the caregiver will have a closed case every time. Now when it comes to rehabilitating wildlife, one has a whole different case on their hands. Yes, they too need the same amount of, if not more, time, trust, and definitely the patience as pets require. The main difference is that wildlife must also be taught how to use their instincts to help them survive in the wild. If the animal has been abandoned from birth then it will most likely require a lot more time to recover than others. A person has to decide what all the animal is going to need to survive based on the type of animal, its living conditions, and the animal’s age. Then a person has to help the animal learn how to live in its natural habitat so that it can later be returned to the wild. Throughout this process a person has to make sure that the animal does not get too attached to the caregiver. If it does then its release back into the wild could be difficult or dangerous for the animal as well as the caregiver. If the animal is injured then it could require a decent amount of time to recover but less than one that has been abandoned. This is because one that has been abandoned generally has more needs than an injured animal. In this case, a person would have to find the injury, try and fix whatever is wrong, and then help the animal to recover from the procedure as well as the shock. In both the cases where a person has an abandoned wild animal or an injured one the results could end out worse than a person had hoped. In order for the animal to survive, a person may end up having to raise it in captivity for the rest of its life. This is not what rehabilitators strive for. However, it is a better outcome than if the animal does not make it. It is quite rare that a person would run into a case of a wildlife animal that is being ill-treated. Even though this rarely happens, it is very possible to run into a situation such as this. It could be that a person has captured and kept a wild animal such as a skunk, ground hog, any wild birds, wolves, bobcats, or other animals of this type. Not only is capturing these animals a type of cruelty but the person may not be taking good care of the animal or has been mistreating it. In this situation, a person would just take the animal from the person’s possession, treat any wounds that the animal has, make sure it can survive if set out into the wild, and then treat it like a person would any other animal. As one can see there are a variety of ways to handle the rehabilitation of wildlife as well as companion pets. These that I have mentioned are just a few of the basic methods and situations that a person could run into. There are many more that people have discovered, or are perfecting, and even those that will be used in the future. There might even be some ways that have been used in the past but have yet to be discovered by today’s rehabilitators and historians. Just imagine all of the possibilities that could become reality for those that care about the welfare and health of companion pets and wildlife as well as the benefits for these animals. In conclusion, animal rehabilitation is one of those topics that more or less need to be discovered individually. Every person will have a different way of handling the rehabilitation process. Maybe they will come up with their own new way to administer the physical therapy, or perhaps they will use someone else’s already discovered tactics. Careers in animals rehabilitation, as stated before, are not numbered in plenty, but they are more than most people have noticed. These careers do not offer a large amount of money but they require non-expensive tools. These tools are love, attention, care, and the facility to house the rehabilitation. Animal rehabilitation is a profession that is in need of many more workers. Despite the many people that claim to care about animals and their rights as living things, not all of these people put forth an effort. It is understood that some may not have the expenses to do so, but simply offering a person’s love, time, and attention is all that is needed. Although one may not completely understand the work that is done, a helpful hand is always welcome. I strongly encourage anyone that has the time and patience to look around their neighborhood for a rehabilitation center and lend a helpful hand to those in need. Animal rehabilitation is full of new and improved ways for healing physically injured, emotionally harmed or distressed, abandoned, and orphaned animals. No matter which one of these â€Å"injuries† it is that the animal is going or has gone through, rehabilitation through physical therapy and loving care is just what the doctor ordered.

RED BULL Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

RED BULL - Assignment Example Red Bull is the first of its kind in the global market, and carved out for itself a new category that did not exist before. This distinction and the elements that built it are the sources of brand equity. Brand equity is defined as the added value that is endowed on economic goods as a result of branding (Bick, 2009; Farhana, 2012; M’zungu, et al., 2010; Znaidi & Fidha, 2012). it is – â€Å"[The] differentiation effect of brand knowledge on customer response leading to long-term outlook, customer knowledge, brand name, brand power, product innovation, brand quality, brand extensions, brand credentials, brand advertising, brand publicity and above all, effective brand management.† (Arora, et al., 2009, p. 75) 2. Case issues 2.1. Identification of Red Bull’s sources of brand equity The most important issue is the identification of Red Bull’s sources of brand equity, because they drive the product’s value creation. If the firm is to move product ion forward into the next higher level and avoid obsolescence, it must innovate along the line of its brand equity to ensure that what has been achieved has not been diminished. 2.2. Determination of new products under the Red Bull brand The innovation necessary to preserve brand equity and create value must emanate from the source of brand equity; having identified this in the first issue, the secondary issue is to put this knowledge into practice by choosing among alternative products that add further value. 3. Analysis of the Case The case treats on the entry of the Red Bull brand into new product categories, and the impact of this move on brand equity. These aspects are the gist of the three questions the answers to which follow: 3.1 Description of Red Bull’s sources of brand equity – Aaker’s sources of brand equity consist of 10 items spread over five dimensions, namely brand loyalty, perceived quality/leadership, associations/differentiations, awareness, a nd market behaviour (Gill & Dawra, 2010). These are all present in Red Bull. One element of brand loyalty is premium pricing; Red Bull is well received because its high price was seen to be justified by its added benefits above other drinks. Perceived quality and leadership are partnered with differentiation; Red Bull was marketed as the first energy drink, and thereafter leader of its class. The fourth dimension, brand awareness, was evident in German and Hungarian markets where, solely through word of mouth, mystique about the brand spread (including reference to â€Å"bulls’ testicles† as ingredient) such that the product was well anticipated and demand created long before its introduction. The fifth dimension, market behaviour, was positive in countries such as Austria where the product was first introduced, and the positive response worked to create brand equity in new markets Red Bull subsequently entered. 3.2 How Red Bull’s marketing program contributes t o brand equity The elements of the marketing mix employed by Red Bull all contributed to a different experience in the mind of the consumer, which was important in creating product recall and influencing future choice (Korkofingas & Ang, 2011). The marketing mix includes the 4 P’s, namely product, pricing, placement, and positioning. 3.2.1 Product – The first of a new class of beverage, the energy drink, which competitors first dismissed as a fad and then later on imitated. In Austria, the company needed to lobby for the creation of a new category, â€Å"functional food,† because the product did not fit into any of the established categories. The taste, which was adjusted to approximate the traditional cola, nevertheless retained a hint of â€Å"medicinal† flavour that still distinguished it as a functional beverage. 3.2.2 Packaging –

The Kung, Wogeo, Huichol, and Sherpas differ significantly in their Essay

The Kung, Wogeo, Huichol, and Sherpas differ significantly in their social organization. Use the ethnographies Boiling Energy, S - Essay Example However, these cultural practices differ from vast people in other parts of the world as depicted by four ethnographies derived from diverse parts of the world. Analysis The fact that different individuals in the world have their own practices is depicted by Richard Katz in his ethnography â€Å"The Kung - Boiling energy†. In the book, the author outlines the cultural and spiritual way of life practiced by the Kung people in the Kalahari desert in South Africa. One major captivating aspect that the book reveals concerning culture and spirituality is Kung’s unique dance that seems to provide the focal point because anthropologists consider it as a primary ritual that encompasses and expresses cosmology, medicine and religion in a simultaneous manner. The healing dance as it is commonly known is practiced at specific periods of the time of the year and amazingly, everyone in the community participates because these people believe that each one of them has a â€Å"sicknes s† on one way or the other (Katz 332). In this regard, the Kung people believe that illnesses could be physical, emotional or even spiritual and the healing dance simultaneously heals all illnesses irrespective of the sickness nature. Therefore, the healing dance contains much more than just healing because it helps individuals release tension and energy that eventually transform people’s inner feelings. On a general perspective, the healing dance represents the spirituality of the Kung people because after the dance these individuals feel nourished, rejuvenated and reborn just like an individual from the west would feel after seeking spiritual intervention from a church (Katz 332). Therefore, the healing dance greatly affects the religious life of the people of Kung. Another ethnography depicting a different social organization is Barbara G. Myerhoff in her book â€Å"Peyote Hunt†. The ethnography is a story of a Native American ethnic group from western central Mexico, whose culture and spirituality is signified by its ancient practices. Though the book encompasses vast research findings from other sources, the author brings out the Huichol’s religion and culture through personal experience. Ideally, the Huichol people practices vast rituals that involve weeping, singing and contacting the ancestral spirits. Among its numerous practices, the Huichol’s practice a ritual of deer hunting because they believe that deer meat is a source of nourishment due to the magic power that the meat contains. Prior to the magical meat granted by the deer, the hunting experience provides a deep spiritual connection and fulfillment because it brings together people and all creatures (Myerhoff 16). In addition, the Huichol people also adore the maize because they believe that it fosters morality and emotions in their own way of understanding. Though the interrelationship between the Huichol’s and the maize is weird they claim that maize is their life and they greatly interconnect. Generally, the deer-maize-peyote complex is the way of life that determines Huichol’s cultural and religious life because it helps them refresh their inner personality emotionally, physically and spiritually by hunting the Peyote, eating its meat and exercising the maize ritual (Myerhoff 16). On a different perspective, Ian Hogbin chips in with his

Creation of a Potential Chartable Organization Web Page Assignment

Creation of a Potential Chartable Organization Web Page - Assignment Example In a bid to have our services reach a wider coverage and enable us reach as many needy children as possible, the need to develop a website for our organization came in. To cover a wider area in terms of service delivery, quicken the service delivery, help get contact with the needy without the knowledge about our organization, create awareness of the existence of our organization and its services, reduce the cost of accessing our information by eliminating the physical availing of oneself at our premises. This website in itself offers plenty of positives that make it a better option in improving our services delivery. The advantages of this site transcend beyond the borders. They include the following benefits. The website is user friendly. This website offers a very user friendly interface that makes it easy for people with limited computer knowledge to easily use it. The website’s interface is very simple thus aiding easier use. The website also offers cheaper option in information elicitation. As opposed to being physically present at the organization’s premises, the website helps save the cost of travel since a user can access it at the comfort of their homes without necessarily traveling to the premises. The website also makes the response services easily achievable. This is because needy persons may have made an enquiry about our contact from wherever they are. Having this website makes it easy to give feedback to them regardless of their geographical location. The website can also act as a contact point between our organization and other charitable organizations and agencies. Another organization may need to make contact with ours. With this website it’s very easy since they can contact us even online without necessarily looking for our physical location This website has several hyperlinks that lead to those various pages. These are also web pages also contain different

Extensible Business Reporting Language in India

Extensible Business Reporting Language in India Introduction XBRL XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) reporting is gaining momentum as a medium of digital financial reporting (Ogundejiet.al, 2014). It is a meta-language, based on XML and used as electronic communication of business information. The primary purpose of XBRL is to facilitate the preparation, publishing, exchange, and analysis of financial statements. In fact, using the framework of XBRL it is possible to facilitate numerous types of reports that can efficiently be parsed by computers (Vasarhelyi and Alles, 2008) and software applications available for the analysis of such information (Silveira et al., 2007). XBRL can be considered as innovation as it is becoming an internet business standardization language (Willis, 2007). A XBRL report does not only contain business and financial reporting information but it also includes attributes that describe that information. It doesn’t change the financial reporting standards but change the way in which business and financial i nformation is reported. Typically, an XBRL report consists of an XBRL instance document containing the financial facts and taxonomies that provide the information about how facts are interrelated in the financial statement. Taxonomy works as a electronic dictionary for business and financial terms within the business realm. Instance documents are business reports that are physically connected to taxonomies. It contains both numerical and non-numerical data and information about the data. XBRL in India The XBRL wave started in India in late 2007 when the Institute of Chartered Accounts of India (ICAI) initiated the idea digital business reporting using XBRL with different regulators in India. XBRL implementation can achieve immediate benefits for Indian companies in terms of a more efficient means to file incorporation documents online and a simplified mode of filing of returns and forms. The benefits to Indian capital market include easy access to public information for users at anytime and from anywhere, which may increase information transparency. With increased coverage, it is hoped that the XBRL data thus collected would significantly enhance the Government capability in policy formulation and regulators, corporates as well as public and investors at large. Major regulators involved in the adoption of XBRL in India are Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and Insurance Regulatory and Development Authori ty (IRDA). From 31st March, 2011, Ministry of Corporate Affairs mandated XBRL reporting (in phases) for companies, who would adopt the Commercial and Industrial Taxonomy developed by ICAI. In the first year (phase 1), the focus was on a certain class of companies who are listed in India, with paid up capital of Rs. 5 crore and turnover of Rs. 100 crores, would have to file their Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss in XBRL format from the FY 2010-11 onwards. The subsequent years witnessed a significant change in the regulatory reporting format and a new schedule VI for improvement in disclosure system for financial statements was enforced by the Companies Act 2013. The taxonomy architecture also underwent considerable change. Companies are also required to file their cost audit report and compliance report in XBRL format. Filers have the option to create their own XBRL documents in house or to convert their financial statements into XBRL format through outsourcing. Regardless of which approach, the first step is to tag each financial element to the published XBRL taxonomy so that accounting information can be converted into XBRL format. Once XBRL instance documents are created, filers need to validate the instance document before filing on MCA portal. Off-line process validates XBRL instance documents for business rules using the MCA off-line tool. Second, for online validation (Pre-scrutiny) the instance documents are uploaded and validated from the MCA21 system (MCA 2012). The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has adopted the XBRL taxonomy for Commercial Industrial (CI) Companies. Regulators like RBI has implemented the XBRL based regulatory filings for banks using Internet and Indian Financial Network. SEBI and IRDA are in the process of implementing XBRL. But the adoption is not uniform across various sectors of businesses in India. As every organization faces some teething problems when adopting a new technology, the same holds true for XBRL. Firstly, XBRL has a steep learning curve to begin with. Therefore, there’s a big challenge for the company to bring together a workforce skilled for using this new technology. It requires training efforts and change management initiatives on the company’s part to prepare employees for such advancements. Organizations should also be careful about the probable effects of the technology adoption procedure on existing processes and people; and take necessary steps to minimize any adverse behavioral impact. Research Objective Therefore adoption of XBRL becomes a relevant research area of interest among academics and practitioners (Pinsker,2008; Muller,2013). Researches around the world are carried from various disciplines on XBRL. Further, majority of academic XBRL research has focused on the US market (Srivastava and Liu, 2012) and, therefore, there is a need to see how non-US countries have implemented XBRL. Further, little research is cited regarding end-user attitude towards XBRL adoption (Muller, 2013). Being a behavioral study, the present research has applied a technology acceptance model (TAM) to identify the predictors for attitude formation required for successful adoption of XBRL. Based on Baldwin (2006) study we classified the stakeholders for the system in four groups. The ‘Standardizer’ creates taxonomies, accounting standard, Legislator and regulator. ‘Providers’ are the companies, divisions that provide platform for creating reports. ‘Intermediaries’ are auditors, financial aggregators. ‘Addresses’ are Investors, regulators, managers. The present work attempts to analyze the acceptance of XBRL technology by ‘Intermediaries’ including auditors and company financial professionals responsible for preparation of XBRL report in Indian companies. Thus, the study has implications for auditors, as well as for firms who operate in India and in countries whose XBRL implementation reporting in mandatory. Literature Review XBRL As pointed by many researchers, XBRL is used as most advanced and rigorous standards taxonomy developed to help for a better assurance of future digital financial reports (Cohen, 2009; Lymer and Debreceny, 2003; Boritz and Wo, 2008; Plumlee and Plumlee, 2008; Shrivastava and Kogan, 2009; and Gonzalbez and Rodriguez, 2012). XBRL adoption allows organisations to report quickly (Cohenet al., 2005), and standardised data to be accessed at a lower cost with greater transparency and cheaply. With the adoption of XBRL, financial information can be optimized for creation, discovery, consumption, and reuse, and XBRL also enables supply of information for business reporting to communicate among players more efficiently (Vasal and Srivastava, 2009; Debreceny et al., 2005). Additional XBRL benefits include cost savings because of increased data processing capability, decreased data duplication and decreased cost of bookkeeping (Pinsker and Li, 2008; Yoon,2011). Alles and Piechocki (2009) develop a framework for understanding how tagged data can be used to change the way in which decisions affecting governance are made. Roohani (2007) argues that XBRL would facilitate corporate governance and provide transparency to employees, investors and creditors, and regulators. Alles and Piechocki (2009) commented that XBRL will improve corporate governance. Premuroso and Bhattacharya (2008) confirm that early and voluntary filers of financial information in XBRL format demonstrate superior corporate governance and operating performance relative to their non-adopting peers. But Doolin and Troshani (2007) believed that benefits of XBRL are not expected to be immediate but will accumulate over time. Tornatzky and Klein (1982) and Rogers (2003) suggest that the relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, and the ability to trial and observe a technology like XBRL, all play a significant role in the adoption decision. Potential adopters typically evaluate the relative advantage and benefits of new technology against the perceived costs (Doolin and Troshani, 2007; Oliver and Whymark, 2005; Premkumar et al., 1994). Adopters will weigh the initial and ongoing cost of adopting the technology (Rogers, 2003) against potential benefits such as a reduction in compliance costs and increased competitive advantage (Oliver and Whymark, 2005). The greater the perceived positive relative advantage, the more likely an organisation will adopt the technology. Chartered Accountants will be primarily responsible for the implementation of XBRL in an organization (Gauri, 2014). Current study examines the factors that influence individual decision to adopt XBRL using Davis (1989) Technology Acceptan ce Model (TAM). Technology Acceptance Due to complexity and context-sensitiveness, technology adoption required various models and which has speculated in the past two decades to specify the factors influencing organizations technology adoption (Wolfe, 1994; Jeyaraj et al., 2006; Doolin and Troshani, 2007). These include the technology acceptance model (TAM) (Davis, 1989), TAM2 (Venkatesh et al., 2003), theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991), innovation diffusion theory (Rogers, 2003), and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (Venkatesh et al., 2003). Among all, TAM is the most popular model build upon a well known theory of IS (Information System) research. The literature of IT adoption relates to various Personal factors (Davis, 1989; Troshani and Doolin, 2005; Venkatesh, and Davis, 2000), Technological factors, Environmental factors and organisational factors (Troshani and Doolin, 2005). Personal factors include dimensions of TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) like perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, attitude towards technology, which were proven to be more successful in measuring the impact on technology adoption. Technological factors including relative advantage (Zaltman et al. 1973), complexity (Rogers, 1983), compatibility (Kwon and Zmud, 1987), observability (Rogers, 1983), and trial ability (Venkatesh, and Davis,2000). Technology complexity includes the current knowledge and skills of the employees in the organization (Doolin and Troshani, 2007). Davidson el al. (2006) and Rogers (2003) revealed that lack of knowledge and skills hinders the adoption of XBRL by organisation accountants. Environmental factors include e xternal pressure (Iacovou et al., 1995) and competition (Grover, 1993), Innovation Adoption (Tornatzky and Klein,1982; Rogers, 1983). Organisational factors include top management support (Rai and Howard, 1994; Thong and Yap, 1995), organisation structure (Lai and Guynes, 1994), centralisation and formalisation (Zmud, 1982; Grover and Goslar, 1993), organisation size (Grover and Teng, 1992). But with present research scope, we only examined the impact of determinants defined in Technology Acceptance Model (Davis,1989). Research Model TAM is an adaptation of theory of reasoned action by Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) and was mainly designed for modeling user acceptance of information technology in the workplace (Davis, 1989; Davis et al., 1989). The positive relationship between behavioral intentions and actions is extensively described by the theory of reasoned action (Azen,1980) and the theory of planned behavior (Azen, 1991). The TAM model assumes that system use is directly determined by behavioral intention to use the system which is in turn influenced by users’ attitudes toward using the system and the perceived usefulness of the system. This model displays a high level prediction power of technology use (Goswami, 2014). The present research uses the TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) model proposed by Davis (1989) to understand the acceptance in respect of perceived usefulness and ease of use dimensions. Both are most closely related to the characteristics of the XBRL system. Perceived usefulness (PU) the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performance (Davidson et.al, 2006). Perceived ease of use (PEOU) is the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort. Research Methodology The research methodology of this study is divided in following points: Source of data-The source of data collection is primary data which is collected from the professionals working in various companies and responsible for creation of XBRL reports. Sample size-as per the difficulty of finding the qualified respondents who were responsible for the XBRL based financial reporting;the sample 20professionals of Rajasthan state were selected randomly. Each author has contributed 5 the filled questionnaire and the data were collected from 12 companies as a representative sample. Sampling technique-The sampling technique used is convenient sampling. Hypothesis- as per the nature of the research two hypotheses were developed and shown under the head of data analysis. Analysing Tool: Multivariate Regression Analysis were used to analyse the data and to identify that which independent variable results change in dependent variable. Conclusion The present research begins with a clarification that global adoption of XBRL will have a large impact on financial and corporate reporting process. Indian companies can also be benefited with this technology innovation along with its inherent operational advantages. TAM has proven to be a useful acceptance model in helping to understand and explain the user behavior in XBRL implementation. The study examined the effect of perceived usefulness and ease of use on attitude of Indian financial professionals towards XBRL reporting. Change management is also a crucial step to be taken before implementing a technology like this. Employees are quite reluctant for changes in processes. This makes it imperative for companies to conduct change management which helps employees embrace the change openly. Staying up to date with current taxonomies is also essential. The implementation roadmap must be charted out with detailed planning for the technology’s adoption to be a success. It is critical to ascertain the most suitable method for your organization to implement it. Your decision to go for bolt-on, or outsource or built-in approach must be carefully thought of and minutely planned keeping in mind the organization needs. Future Research It is worth noting that whereas XBRL has exhibited capabilities to produce the digitized version financial statements, it is still unable to capture information displayed through various other sections of the financial statements and the annual reports. Particularly, the information displayed through the notes to accounts and, management discussion and analysis sections of the annual reports. This is indeed a challenging area for future research. All aspects concerning the improvement of efficiency by applying XBRL like time savings, reduced effort, and improved communication are mentioned frequently in literature but hardly any research activities could be recognized. Future researched should focus on the evaluation of productivity of financial reporting. Other potential area of research is system flexibility, which measure the cross-system compatibility and system independent processing of XBRL business and financial information. The impact of demographic factors upon the XBRL adop tion among consumers must be examined. Based on our discussions and literature review, we suggest that research focus might also be on the economic impact of XBRL. This may help to present a clear business case to the stakeholders which should contribute to the comprehensive adoption of XBRL.

Amistad Review :: essays papers

Amistad Review Steven Spielberg's "Amistad" is centered on the legal status of Africans caught and brought to America on a Spanish slave ship. The Africans rise up and begin a mutiny against their captors on the high seas and are brought to trial in a New England court. The court must decide if the Africans are actually born as slaves or if they were illegally brought from Africa. If the Africans were born as slaves then they would be guilty of murder, but if their being brought here from Africa is illegal, they had the right to defend themselves. This was not such a simple issue since the slave trade had been banned by treaties at the time of the Amistad incident in 1839. The movie starts on board the Amistad. On the ship the leader of the Africans, Cinque, frees himself from his chains and frees the rest of his tribe. They slaves are being taken from a Havana slave market to another destination in Cuba. The two men who bought them are spared, and promise to take the slaves back to Africa. Instead, the Amistad is guided into US waters, and the Africans end up being tried in a New England court. Luckily, it is a Northern court. If the slaves had ended up in the South they would have no chance of getting off. The slaves are first defended by Roger Baldwin a well-off real estate lawyer who bases the case on property law. Only slowly does Baldwin come to see his clients, the slaves, as human beings. Also, two Boston abolitionists, an immigrant called Tappan, and a former slave named Joadson are in the defense. Together these men work to try to free the 53 slaves aboard the Amistad. After the slaves are tried and freed at the New England district court, they must go to the Supreme Court. In the Supreme Court John Quincy Adams, former president, who is fighting for the freedom of all men, defends them. He gives an 11 minute speech and persuades the Supreme Court to free the slaves as individuals because all men are free under the Declaration of Independence. The slaves are freed once and again and choose to return to their homeland. However, Cinque discovers that his village has been destroyed and the rest of his family has already been sold into slavery. This is where Cinque emerges as a powerful character. He was once a free farmer living in peace with his now lost wife and family. Amistad Review :: essays papers Amistad Review Steven Spielberg's "Amistad" is centered on the legal status of Africans caught and brought to America on a Spanish slave ship. The Africans rise up and begin a mutiny against their captors on the high seas and are brought to trial in a New England court. The court must decide if the Africans are actually born as slaves or if they were illegally brought from Africa. If the Africans were born as slaves then they would be guilty of murder, but if their being brought here from Africa is illegal, they had the right to defend themselves. This was not such a simple issue since the slave trade had been banned by treaties at the time of the Amistad incident in 1839. The movie starts on board the Amistad. On the ship the leader of the Africans, Cinque, frees himself from his chains and frees the rest of his tribe. They slaves are being taken from a Havana slave market to another destination in Cuba. The two men who bought them are spared, and promise to take the slaves back to Africa. Instead, the Amistad is guided into US waters, and the Africans end up being tried in a New England court. Luckily, it is a Northern court. If the slaves had ended up in the South they would have no chance of getting off. The slaves are first defended by Roger Baldwin a well-off real estate lawyer who bases the case on property law. Only slowly does Baldwin come to see his clients, the slaves, as human beings. Also, two Boston abolitionists, an immigrant called Tappan, and a former slave named Joadson are in the defense. Together these men work to try to free the 53 slaves aboard the Amistad. After the slaves are tried and freed at the New England district court, they must go to the Supreme Court. In the Supreme Court John Quincy Adams, former president, who is fighting for the freedom of all men, defends them. He gives an 11 minute speech and persuades the Supreme Court to free the slaves as individuals because all men are free under the Declaration of Independence. The slaves are freed once and again and choose to return to their homeland. However, Cinque discovers that his village has been destroyed and the rest of his family has already been sold into slavery. This is where Cinque emerges as a powerful character. He was once a free farmer living in peace with his now lost wife and family.