Analysis Of Gandhi s Reclaiming A Tradition And Making...

Ronald Terchek writes this article to describe the viewpoint that Gandhi has on some of the traditions that are present in the Indian culture. The title of his piece ‘Reclaiming a Tradition and Making It Your Own’ is exactly what he writes about, because Gandhi takes his form of Hinduism and he molds the traditions to be more flexible to his own ideas and interests. The reason for this article is to describe how Gandhi and his fellow Indians took parts of their own religion and reformed some of the original traditions which they had believed had become corrupt and ritualized over time. Terchek asks in this article, just why was Gandhi so keen on changing the traditions of his native religion? Before we can start talking about what exactly Gandhi changed, we need to see what Gandhi himself thought about traditions and what they meant to him. Gandhi believes that tradition that is going to be practiced has, â€Å"to give meaning beyond convenience and necessity†¦ providing individuals with moral materials to frame their choices†¦He finds that each tradition speaks to the moral, cooperative nature of men and women and challenges the self-interests that are lodged in every person and any society.† This is what Gandhi sees happening in most of the major faiths and their traditions. Gandhi understands that each religion is different and have their own traditions based on their differences but that all faiths ultimately share common origins and they have the same source althoughShow MoreRelatedSocial Determinants of Health10939 Words   |  44 Pagesa strong renaissance of Indigenous culture and forms of creative expression, and a reconnection and 25 Working Together reclaiming of cultural life. Aboriginal culture has roots deep in the past. Australia’s Indigenous cultural traditions have a history and continuity unrivalled in the world. Far from signifying the end of Indigenous Australian traditions, new forms of adaptation are bringing new vitality to older cultural themes and values that need to be addressed. Contemporary IndigenousRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company and Disney Management25371 Words   |  102 PagesEuroDisney as American imperialism— plastics at its worst.† The well-known, sentimental Japanese attachment to Disney characters contrasted starkly with the unexpected and widespread French scorn for American fairy-tale characters. French culture has its own lovable cartoon characters such as Astà ©rix, the helmeted, pint-sized Gallic warrior, who has a theme park located near EuroDisney. Hostility among the French people to the whole â€Å"Disney idea† had surfaced early in the planning of the new project. ParisRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagescompanies at a far faster rate than would have been the case if there had been no boom; that is, without those effects, innovation might not have taken place at all. All this business growth has caused increasing complexity in business action and deci sion making. It has presented chief executive officers (CEOs) and management leaders in all markets and industries with new intricacies in deciding how to weigh and time the business decisions—and the quality of those decisions—that increasingly challenge their

Descriptive Essay About Disneyland - 1183 Words

Ever heard of this place called Disneyland? Yes, that huge phenomenon that every little child loves and even teenagers and adults love. Where there is these amazing rides and every Disney character you can think of is there! You probably know it as this amazing place that everyone loves and there is no wrong! Or maybe parents even know Disneyland from taking their child there so maybe they could get their energy taken out! But little do you know is that this place has a very darker side than we really know. We believe this place is so innocent and so nice and peaceful but we are wrong. This place is haunted and most people don t even know this. Have you gone to Disneyland and feel maybe a chill even though there was no wind? Or a†¦show more content†¦The Monorail: The Monorail seems the least place to be haunted but some people don t even know about the death of this poor innocent 19 year-old boy. You know how teenage boys are, always getting in trouble and fooling around. Little did this 19 year-old boy know that his fooling around might be the cause of his death. This boy decided to come to Grad Night, which is where high school graduates can come into Disneyland after hours as much as they want. Well he decided to play on the Monorail and the security guard already told him a lot of times to â€Å"get off this because it’s very dangerous†. Well they boy decided not to listen and his consequences were getting dragged 30-40 feet just right before the train came to a stop. Many heard rumors about that late at night some after hour workers would see a young man walking the Monorail tracks just where this 19 year-old boy died. They would say they would look up and see the boy for a split second and then all of a sudden, he just disappears. Don’t believe it’s haunted yet, just wait till the next story! The Most Haunted Mansion Ever: Everyone knows Disneyland s Mansion! It’s only the most known places in Disneyland and also known as the most Haunted Mansion. Of course people would believe that it’s haunted because, I mean come on! It’s a mansion! A lot of mansions are haunted but nothingShow MoreRelatedHow Does A Middle Paragraph Differ From The Structure Of An Introductory Paragraph? Essay6292 Words   |  26 Pagesof a full essay? a. The structures of a paragraph and a full essay are similar because they both include a beginning, a middle, and an end. 5. What is the function of the first sentence in a paragraph? a. The first sentence in a paragraph is the topic sentence, which tells the reader about what the rest of the paragraph is about. 6. What is the function of the middle section of a paragraph? a. The middle section of the paragraph gives details and illustrates what the main point is about. 7. WhyRead Morestudy guide Essay5978 Words   |  24 Pagescareer development opportunities Weeks 3 12 2. Problem Working 20% Identify aspects of social and cultural diversity Contextualise information and problem definition Understand the cognitive dispositional dimension of critical thinking Essay and Problem solving exercise Locate, critically evaluate, manage and use written, numerical and electronic information Communicate in a variety of contexts and modes Weeks 4 9 3. Case Assessments 50% Appreciate the social, cultural,Read MorePostmodernism and the Simpsons10775 Words   |  44 PagesHugvà ­sindadeild Postmodernism and The Simpsons Intertextuality, Hyperreality and Critique of Metanarratives Ritgerà ° til B.A.-prà ³fs Bjà ¶rn Erlingur Flà ³ki Bjà ¶rnsson bjornfloki@gmail.com Kt. 110982-5779 Maà ­ 2006 Abstract This essay offers a postmodernist reading of the popular television program The Simpsons, with special regard to the postmodern theories of intertexuality, hyperreality, and metanarratives. Before delving into The Simpsons, some major theoretical aspects of postmodernism in aestheticRead MoreFeminine Mystique12173 Words   |  49 PagesSupplemental Reading for US History 2 From Rosie to Lucy Questions students must answer in a 500-word (minimum) essay: 1) Describe the post-WWII frustrations felt by women such as Betty Friedan. 2) During the era of â€Å"Rosie the Riveter†, what gains did women make in the workforce? How did these women feel about themselves and their contributions? What did society as a whole think? 3) What role did mass media play during the 1950s and 1960s in regard to supporting or undermining theRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pageson acid-free paper by Antony Rowe Ltd., Chippenham, Wiltshire ISBN 0–19–928335–4 978–0–19–928335–4 ISBN 0–19–928336–2 (Pbk.) 978–0–19–928336–1 (Pbk.) 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 3 FOREWORD ‘ Michael Bromwich is an exemplar of all that is good about the British tradition of academic accounting. Serious in intent, he has striven both to illuminate practice and to provide ways of improving it. Although always appealing to his economic understandings, he has been open to a wide variety of other ideas

Hatred and selfishness Essay Example For Students

Hatred and selfishness Essay Sheila strips down her clothes to her underwear to the realisation that she is not worthy of them Its simply my fault that in the end she commited suicide. Sheila belives that because she helped put Eva Smith into a position where she cant enjoy anything, Shiela wants to refrain herself from the nice things in life from now on. Mrs.Birling however keeps on all of her clothes and jewellry to represent her ingnorance and arrogance to the situation, even now she has been made aware that she helped towards Eva Smiths demise she still thinks that she was right in using her authority because of her pride to turn Eva Smith away. When talking of what she had done Mrs. Birling tends to use words such as naturally and simply as if there was absolutly no wrong in what she had done at all. simply a piece of gross impertinance naturally that was one of the things that prejudiced me against her case. The structure of the play is set out as a whodunnit with one line of enquiery at a time. One line of enquiery at a time. Otherwise well all be talking at once and wont know were we are. This is done so that there is no confusion with the messages being conveyed. This whodunnit structure has been tapered with, as usually at the end you know who did it, and why, but at the end of this play there is no specific culprit, and nobody murdered anybody because Eva Smith commited suicide. Priestly wanted you to have full understanding of the characters, so to help convey what each character was learning there are no intervals, just as in real life you would not be able to break and forget about whats happening for half an hour then go back to life, Priestly wants to show this is in real time as its happening, just like life. have. And from this play it would seem that if I had any of these diseases, that trouble would surely come my way.

Management Across Cultures Research Proposal Essay Example

Management Across Cultures Research Proposal Essay Abstract The paper is aimed at critical evaluation of the thesis that managerial work, skills and role are uniform throughout the world. This thesis is found to be controversial as it overlooks cross-cultural variations across nations as well as subcultures within one nation. Research outlined in two scholarly articles serves as evidence. The article by P.S. Kim, PS ‘Globalization of Human Resource Management: A Cross-Cultural Perspective for the Public Sector’ (1999) concentrates on examination of intercultural differences as assessed by Hofstede’s four dimensions and demonstrates their impact on managerial practice. The other article authored by Tomasz Lenartowicz and Kendall Roth explores the relationship between cross-cultural variation in motivational domains of four Brazilian subcultures and their business performance. The conclusion summarizes the findings of the research and its bearing on the evaluation of the original thesis. The final conclusion is that manageri al expertise and functions demonstrate substantial variation across nations, and even within one nation managers have to act differently working with different subcultures. Introduction Management around the world is undoubtedly grounded in some basic principles that govern the work of managers throughout the world. Everywhere, managers have to make decisions, lead and motivate subordinates, strive for profitability and maximisation of the firm’s value and build relationships with customers. At the same time, managers working in different national and regional environments often have to consider local cultural realities and rely on those in their management functions. Discrepancies existing between national, ethnic, social and cultural groups influence the way businesses function and direct affect managers that lead those businesses. These differences can become a serious challenge for someone who wants to migrate from one nation to another, working as an expatriate manager. 1. Cultures are Different We will write a custom essay sample on Management Across Cultures Research Proposal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Management Across Cultures Research Proposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Management Across Cultures Research Proposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Management scholars have long found that cultures are not the same around the world. Instead, they value on many different aspects that determine the course of business and shape the management’s role and required skills. One of the classic frameworks for the examination of culture is Geert Hofstede’s dimensions that determine national system of values. Among these dimensions are ‘power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism/collectivism, and masculinity/femininity’ (Kim 1999). These dimensions have a direct bearing upon managers. Thus, different degrees of uncertainty avoidance will cause different degrees of risk tolerance, impacting the decision-making strategies. Power distance has a direct bearing upon the role of the manager and the manager’s relationships with the subordinates. Thus, in the Eastern cultures the manager is seen as a paternal figure that has to be treated by the subordinates as such. The manager who has this kind of respect accorded with age and promotion has to behave accordingly, supervising the subordinates and taking care of them. On the contrary, in the West, where the culture is more egalitarian, the manager is often seen simply as someone who is performing a function rather than someone who has implicit authority over others. Individualism/ collectivism division also matters as it affects ‘the type of leadership most likely to be effective in a country’ (Kim 1999). Thus, in culture that places greater value on collectivism leadership is effective when it leaves the possibility for group decision-making open. On the contrary, in individualist nations the leader has to rely more on individuals, distributing assignments in such a way that each individual is aware of his/her specific role and tasks. The manager most certainly has to adapt to each kind of culture separately. For instance, someone who is used to working in a collectivist culture cannot very easily shift to an individualist one, as this manager would most probably give assignments to groups and then wonder why group work breaks down. Besides, in individualist societies ‘task prevails over relationship’, while in collectivist societies relationships are the greatest priority. 2. Cultural Differences and Management Approaches Culture is an important part of the environment in which the manager has to function. Although an organization strives to create its own corporate culture, but in case it conflicts with national value system, this culture will also conflict with employees’ values and therefore will fail to act as stimulation. Pan Suk Kim in his article ‘Globalization of Human Resource Management: A Cross-Cultural Perspective for the Public Sector’ (1999) states with regard to the interplay between management and culture: Cultural differences significantly influence management approaches and the performance of employees within organizations. General principles of management and specific human resource practices evolving out of management theories are currently being seriously questioned in various cross-cultural settings. Cross-cultural understanding and intercultural communications skills, therefore, can contribute to the success of negotiations. Owing to modern travel and communication technology, intercultural encounters have multiplied at a prodigious rate. Embarrassments occur between ordinary tourists and locals, as well as between business partners. Subtle misunderstandings still occur in negotiations between modern diplomats and government leaders. Avoiding any cultural conflict should be one of the themes of training and education. Managers need to be aware that their work should evolve in correspondence to the cultural norms existing in a nation. International experience alone often cannot provide managers with the skills necessary in order to deal with employees of different backgrounds. For this reason, cross-cultural training should become a staple part of the management training curriculum. This training can be based on social learning theory that incorporates â€Å"symbolic modeling† consisting in observing and imitating and â€Å"participative modeling† including direct action (Kim 1999). The fact that scholars intensively plot various cross-cultural training techniques also attests to the fact that managers have to change their approaches to adjust to cultural reality. 3. Need to Adapt to Subcultures While most talk about the difference in the role, work and skills of the managers focus on variations from country to country, one can find different cultural groups within nations themselves. Many contemporary states arose as a result of convergence of various ethnic or religious groups. Thus, in India one has to adopt different methods when working with Muslim or Hindu populations. Working in African nations, managers need to be aware that they are often composed of a variety of tribal groups, the values of which have not arrived at a common denominator in the time of the existence of these states. An interesting study about the influence of subcultures on business decision-making, practices and outcomes is presented in the article by Tomasz Lenartowicz and Kendall Roth ‘Does Subculture within a Country Matter? A Cross-Cultural Study of Motivational Domains and Business Performance in Brazil’. They divide the nation, in agreement with previous researchers into four corresponding areas that correspond to nationalities: Minas Gerais provinc populated by Mineiros, Greater Rio de Janeiro inhabited by Cariocas, the Sao Paulo state populated by Paulistas, and the Gauchos occupying the Rio Grande do Sul state. In examining these subcultures co-exist in Brazil researchers rely on value-based model that takes values to be the cornerstone of culture. They also include the exploration of motivational domains defined as ‘specific types of motivational concerns that the various values express’ and their impact on business outcomes (Lenartowicz Roth 2001). The motivational domains against which cultures were measured included: achievement, enjoyment, security, self-direction, and restrictive conformity domains. Lenartowicz Roth found that values and motivation indeed varied across subcultures and even affected business outcomes. Thus, they found that for the Paulistas self-direction domain was more important than for the Cariocas. Instead, the Cariocas placed a greater value on security. The Gauchos place greater emphasis on self-direction than the Paulistas. At the same time, the Paulistas have scored higher on self-direction and enjoyment than the Mineiros (Lenartowicz Roth 2001). A manager working in Brazil where the four subcultures live has to take into account these perspectives and adapt one’s methods to the people working with them. Thus, someone working with the Paulistas has to realize that these people value independence in decision-making. Consequently, the whole managerial system probably has to be structured in a way that will give individuals an opportunity to participate in the company’s initiative. Employee empowerment would be welcome and appreciated. At the same time, an analogous model cannot be transplanted directly to the Cariocas or the Mineiros who may find themselves frustrated with the load of decision-making they have to handle. Conclusion The above discussion demonstrates that managers have to adapt in many ways to the specificities of cultures around the globe. The classical system of Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions underscores the variation of culture from one nation to another. Managers have to adjust as their subordinate have different expectations of what their leaders will be like. In any case, it makes sense to develop a managerial style that will correspond to the national norms and values. Thus, the managerial work, role and skills demonstrate significant variations across the globe and cannot be described as the same. Moreover, even within one nation managers will face a number of subgroups that will make a difference in the manager’s work. The current trend toward globalization that pushes managers towards intercultural encounters makes cross-cultural training an important part of managerial education. References

buy custom Bank Project essay

buy custom Bank Project essay In order for a bank to achieve its online operations, it has to have the right employees. These employees will help to successfully create a database and to implement the banks strategies in organizing, maintaining and developing the existing websites. Some of the key personnel in building an online database for a financial institution are, for example, a project manager, business analyst, designer, developer, tester and infrastructure support. According to Russell, (2011) the role of a project manager in building an online database for a bank is implementing the functionality associated with building the online database. He/she prioritizes and aligns the concept of building the banks online database with the banks strategies. In the concept of building an online database for a bank, a business analyst will be responsible for bridging technical stakeholders and business stakeholders of the bank. In addition, he/ she structures and formalizes the requirements for th bank project. Moreover, he/she enhances the creation of SAS reporting programs for marketing campaigns and maintenance of mainframe performance reports (Paul 2006). The designer of the online database controls the appearance of the database. This is by website coding and markup languages or the various soft wares for designing the database (Robbins, 2006). This is also by enabling the multi browser help and accessibility help to meet specific needs. He or she prevents copyright and privacy problems. The developer converts information on paper into an electronic format. He/she supports existing infrastructure and develops new ones as instructed by the bank command to enable rapid and real time information sharing (Lazar, 2001). The tester thoroughly tests the database after it has been built to ensure that it is safe, obtainable and useful. This is achieved by putting in place measures that are willing to cope with a large traffic of users (Hope Walther, 2008). Jacobsen (2004)) asserts that infrastructure support monitors critical applications. This is by identifying a database problem, if any, and resolving it to ensure prevention of future, related problems. They watch memory utilization of the database and complex issues (Anderson, 1999). The people who are affected by the negative or positive outcomes of this bank project in either a positive or negative approach include the county manager, the clients of the bank and the shareholders. The county manager is a stakeholder because the database quickly and indirectly affects the operations of the county department he or she is managing. The database helps in expanding the customer base and in building loyalty by customizing customer needs (Ian, 2010). It enables remote accessibility of personal accounts by the clients. This makes it easier for clients to track payments, pay bills and to see history of payments into their accounts. To the shareholders they can closely follow the trading of the bank in the stock exchange market. Buy custom Bank Project essay

A Study On Change Management Commerce Essay

A Study On Change Management Commerce Essay Accepting change is considered the biggest paranoia in todays world. Organizations – both business and non-business confront a challenging world. Some of the challenges that are faced by managers today include competition from other firms, globalization, and technological changes besides others. Let us consider a small example that can set the stage for discussing the effects of change. Daily life in a modern society is like a routine, where we wake up in the mornings, have breakfast, go for work, have lunch, come back from work, eat dinner and then sleep again. It has become a scheduled life, or so to say, we conform to structure in our lives. This structure provides us the necessary security. But, if we were to live in a world full of anxiety and unexpected mechanisms, it may leave us feeling uneasy and apprehensive. If this is the condition of individuals, a large-scale change in an organization can surely transform its people into anxiety, exasperation, frustration, depre ssion or even fatal incidents. To curb this, organizations practice what is to be referred to as Change Management. Change Management is a process whereby, the individual, team or the organization develops a planned approach towards any sort of an alteration. The objective is to capitalize the benefits for the people and lessen the risk of failure of implementation. Change management entails thoughtful planning and sensitive implementation, and most importantly, consultation with the people who are going to be involved in the process. This task studies how organizations have evolved to accept change. But let us first look at the drivers that affect organizational change: Ø Inadequate Financial Performance – the 2008 economic slowdown can be well quoted as an example for this. Companies failing to reach their financial benchmarks, have to undergo change. Competitive organizations can cannibalize their market share, provided they enter with cheaper labor or superior technolo gy. Failure to maintain the market share can force companies to rethink their opportunity cost and also the deployment of resources. Ø Changes in Strategic objectives – many companies shift their focus from being product-driven to being customer-driven or even process-driven. To enable this, restructuring and re-orientation of processes, people are required of in the organization. Ø New Technology – companies that neglect the new trends in the market are set to suffer a setback, and, therefore, should adapt to the changes in technology. Ø Mergers and Acquisitions – when companies merge and consolidate their operations, people and the culture, re-engineering takes place. The streamlining of the operations, infrastructure and the structure of the two organizations into one centralized theme is a huge part of the change management process. These, could be defined as the drivers of change that evolve businesses and markets. Organizations, today, have learn t to adapt to change. In this era of globalization, fast-moving lives and business-centered organizations, people and the processes have accepted the transformation. For instance, a lot of investment banks had to undergo transformation during the economic slowdown. Citigroup Inc. restructured its banks and other affiliates during the recessionary period, to acclimatize with the new environment. And it did happen. The management has to ensure that a smooth shift occurs, and for this it adopts a number of organizational theories as a basis for effective change management. Some of them are listed in the next few paragraphs.

Breaking a Gender Norm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Breaking a Gender Norm - Essay Example Since culture defines expectations of a man, a man wearing a dress goes against the norm and is viewed as feminine because of wearing a dress; although, men in west Africa wear overall dresses in official and unofficial occasions (jewa6961, 2011). College shows double standards between men and women because men feel the desire to exercise dominance for them to be accepted in society. Although I found it easy to violate the male norm of dressing, the feelings of violating the dressing norm in men in a public place is quite uncomfortable regardless of the fact that women are proud of their appearance. I felt the need to act in a way that would conceal my feelings in an attempt to avoid consequences associated with violation of the norm. I had a feeling of fear regarding the way the people around would receive the gender deviant behavior because I knew there would be social penalties because I was behaving in way that is incongruent to the norm regarding male dressing. Due to preferred male dominance in the country, dressing like a woman exposed me to the double standards in violating the male dressing norms; moreover, acting in this way made me feel like I managed to break away from standards set out by the society. By wearing a dress evoked stereotype judgment aimed at me due to the violation of expected genders norms associated with men dressing because dressing in men is essential in showing their masculinity. However, to a certain extent I felt that people could be embracing actions of deviance aimed at gender norms because some people showed signs of comfort even when I broke norms of men dressing. However, traits related to gender can vary in accordance with culture, gender norms being what is considered socially acceptable in all genders advocates strict adherence to the norms in each gender. By violating the dressing norm in men I developed feelings of being socially unpredictable, confusion regarding norms, undermined trust regarding